{"id":439,"date":"2024-01-03T14:02:39","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T06:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/?page_id=439"},"modified":"2026-06-05T12:40:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T04:40:51","slug":"bladder-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/bladder-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8180\u80f1\u764c"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"439\" class=\"elementor elementor-439\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47e5f53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47e5f53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf5473d exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf5473d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bladder Cancer<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b1314 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"82b1314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e395a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e395a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143d404 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"143d404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Bladder Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34869a6 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"34869a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy-1024x569.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-774\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy-1024x569.webp 1024w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy-768x427.webp 768w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy-1536x853.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-cancer-treatment-copy.webp 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae237bc exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae237bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bladder cancer typically refers to cancer that starts in the urothelial cells that line the bladder. The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine.<\/p><p>It is the most common type of cancer in the urinary tract. The predominant type of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). While not as common, TCC can also occur in the kidneys, pelvis, ureters or urethra as these structures are also lined by the same urothelial cells that line the bladder.<\/p><p>There are other types of bladder cancers that are rare:<\/p><ul><li>Squamous cells carcinoma<\/li><li>Adenocarcinoma<\/li><li>Small cell carcinoma<\/li><li>Sarcoma<\/li><\/ul><p>This article will be focusing on TCC.<\/p><p>Bladder cancer is classified into non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive types based on the depth of invasion from the innermost lining towards the outer layers of the bladder. Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed urothelial bladder cancers are classified as non-muscle invasive.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97fca5f exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97fca5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the Causes and Risk Factors of Bladder Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ddb725 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ddb725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment-1024x569.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-761\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment-1024x569.webp 1024w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment-300x167.webp 300w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment-768x427.webp 768w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment-1536x853.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/the-cancer-centre-bladder-treatment.webp 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-280b88d exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"280b88d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Causes of Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-943a042 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"943a042\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn many cases, the cause of bladder cancer is not known. It typically occurs when abnormal cells grow and multiply quickly and uncontrollably and invade other tissues.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91373e4 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"91373e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Risks Factors of Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14c73e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d14c73e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHaving certain risk factors increases your chances of developing bladder cancer, but it does not mean you will get the disease.\n\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>Cigarette smoking<\/li>\n \t<li>Industrial chemicals used in dyes, paint, textiles, rubber and leather products<\/li>\n \t<li>Chronic bladder irritation\/infection<\/li>\n \t<li>Herbs containing aristocholic acid<\/li>\n \t<li>Medication such as cyclophosphamide, phenacetin, pioglitazone<\/li>\n \t<li>Low fluid intake<\/li>\n \t<li>Male gender<\/li>\n \t<li>Increasing age<\/li>\n \t<li>Personal history of bladder cancer<\/li>\n \t<li>Genetic predisposition eg: Lynch Syndrome, Cowden disease, retinoblastoma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb1763a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb1763a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reducing Risk of Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96292a2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96292a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nSome measures you can take that can reduce your risk include maintaining a healthy lifestyle by not smoking, increase dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, increase daily fluid intake, and avoiding harmful exposure to toxic chemicals.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a224b0 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a224b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c590853 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c590853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nBladder cancer may be found in its early stages as it tends to cause symptoms such as:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Blood in urine<\/li>\n \t<li>Frequent urination<\/li>\n \t<li>Painful urination<\/li>\n \t<li>Urinary urgency<\/li>\n \t<li>Weak urine stream<\/li>\n \t<li>Fatigue due to low red cell count<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e24871 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e24871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"258\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer-1024x330.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-793\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer-1024x330.webp 1024w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer-300x97.webp 300w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer-768x248.webp 768w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer-1536x496.webp 1536w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/signs-of-bladder-cancer.webp 1680w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d0bb82 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d0bb82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMost of the above symptoms are not specific to bladder cancer and can be more commonly explained by non-cancerous causes such as urinary tract infection, urinary stones or enlarged prostate. Regardless, it remains important for anyone with these symptoms to consult doctors early.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254ec78 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"254ec78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Screen for Bladder Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16176ef exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16176ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nThere is no cost-effective screening test for the detection of bladder cancer for healthy average-risk individuals.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43c3291 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43c3291\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Reducing Risk of Bladder Cancer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-123a80a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"123a80a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nIf bladder cancer is suspected, these tests may be performed to diagnose the disease.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c1ab32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c1ab32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7489b6c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7489b6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99112c3 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99112c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Urine Tests<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acc34a8 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acc34a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nUrinalysis may detect traces of blood and exclude urinary tract infections.\n\nUrine cytology may detect cancerous or pre-cancerous cells. However, the yield of this test is not high.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200837 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1200837\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cancer-urine-test.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-795\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cancer-urine-test.webp 700w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/cancer-urine-test-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09c0f4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09c0f4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a213a7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a213a7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e195db3 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e195db3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Cystoscopy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5953cb5 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5953cb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nA thin, long tube with a light source and camera at the tip is inserted into the bladder by a urologist.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2949163 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2949163\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Cystoscopy-cancer-test.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-796\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Cystoscopy-cancer-test.webp 700w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Cystoscopy-cancer-test-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55bb788 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55bb788\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6ab513 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6ab513\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4534fb9 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4534fb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Biopsy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6da764 elementor-widget__width-initial exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6da764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nAbnormal areas of bladder lining can be identified and biopsied. To accurately classify the local extent of bladder cancer, an adequate transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is performed. This involves the sampling of abnormal areas deep into the muscular layer of the bladder wall. Samples removed are tested for the presence and grade of cancer and depth of cancer invasion.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e04ce exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"82e04ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: How Do I Confirm Which Stage of Bladder Cancer I Have?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00ff08a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00ff08a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Stages-of-Bladder-Cancer.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-800\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Stages-of-Bladder-Cancer.webp 350w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Stages-of-Bladder-Cancer-213x300.webp 213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Stages | Bladder cancer | Cancer Research UK, 2018)7<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a9bc67 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a9bc67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">The stage of urothelial bladder cancer is determined by the depth of tumour invasion into the bladder muscle and outer layers, spread into nearby lymph nodes and spread to distant sites.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer<\/b>\nTis, Ta and T1 tumours are classified as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer<\/b>\nBladder cancers that have penetrated into the muscular layer of the bladder wall are termed muscle-invasive bladder cancers (T2, T3, T4).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fbf4ad exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9fbf4ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MRI-scan.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-860\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MRI-scan.webp 700w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/MRI-scan-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c717c08 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c717c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Once muscle-invasive bladder cancer is diagnosed from cystoscopy, imaging studies are used to further define the extent of local invasion, involvement of adjacent lymph nodes and distant spread.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Computer tomography (CT) is cross-sectional imaging routinely performed to obtain this information. CT urogram captures images of the kidneys, ureters and bladder and CT of the chest will exclude distant spread to lungs and lymph nodes in the chest.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Occasionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) urogram is performed when a more detailed visualisation of the extent of direct growth of cancer into the bladder wall and adjacent structures is desired.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bone scans may also be considered for the detection of bone spread. PET scan is sensitive for the distant spread of bladder cancer but is not very helpful for assessment of the local extent of bladder cancer as the tracer used for this scan is excreted in the urine.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-293aa5c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"293aa5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">Occasionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) urogram is performed when a more detailed visualisation of the extent of direct growth of cancer into the bladder wall and adjacent structures is desired.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bone scans may also be considered for the detection of bone spread. PET scan is sensitive for the distant spread of bladder cancer but is not very helpful for assessment of the local extent of bladder cancer as the tracer used for this scan is excreted in the urine.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b1b55c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1b1b55c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/CT-Scan.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-859\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/CT-Scan.webp 700w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/CT-Scan-300x171.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde8eb2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bde8eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bladder Cancer Treatment at The Cancer Centre, Singapore<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df3b676 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df3b676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOur doctors will work closely with you to decide which treatment option is the most suitable for you depending on the stage of bladder cancer, your symptoms and your overall health. There are many treatment options available which you can read more about below.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d702f41 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d702f41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How Is Bladder Cancer Treated?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5e0f5a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5e0f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<strong>There are different treatment options available based on which stage of bladder cancer you are at.<\/strong>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dae9ea5 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dae9ea5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Non-muscle invasive bladder tumour<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc59c4 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc59c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) followed by a single dose of post-resection instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the bladder (intravesical BCG) is the main treatment for superficial (non-muscle invasive) bladder cancers. Sometimes, a second, more extensive TURBT is done to better ensure that all cancer has been removed.<\/p>\n\n<p>For patients with a high risk of recurrence based on stage, grade, number and size of cancers, a longer course of intravesical BCG is recommended after the surgery.\nStrict adherence to careful surveillance protocol is important as patients remain at risk of recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer.<\/p>\n\n<p>Those with recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancers may need repeated TURBT with intravesical BCG or surgery (radical cystectomy); depending on the stage, grade and duration since the last dose of intravesical BCG.<\/p>\n\n<p>Anti PD1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy is currently being explored as an alternative to radical cystectomy in BCG-unresponsive non-invasive bladder.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bc8020 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5bc8020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Muscle invasive TCC<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2745a32 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2745a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Surgery is the standard of care for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancers and muscle invasive bladder cancers. Radical cystectomy is an operation where the whole bladder and adjacent lymph nodes with prostate (men) or uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries (women) are removed.<\/p>\n\n<p>After the bladder is removed, reconstructive surgery is done to allow urine to be stored and drained out. Usually, draining ureters from the kidneys are connected to a refashioned short segment of the intestine that acts as a urine pouch. One end of the refashioned urine pouch is connected to the abdomen skin where urine can flow out.<\/p>\n\n<p>Radical cystectomy is a major surgery and not all patients will want to do it or are medically fit for it. Bladder preservation strategy using a combination of TURBT followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy is an alternative in a minority of patients.<\/p>\n\n<p>Most patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancers will be recommended to have neoadjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy prior to surgery). Administration of cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy prior to surgery reduces recurrence and improves survival in muscle invasive bladder cancers. Kidney function needs to be preserved for the safe use of cisplatin. Patients with swollen kidney(s) from bladder cancer compressing on ureter(s) will need to have the obstruction relieved. Following surgery, further adjuvant treatment with Nivolumab (anti PD1 immunotherapy) improves disease-free survival by 30% for patients with high-risk muscle-invasive bladder cancer, based on CHECKMATE 274 study.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69164c2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69164c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Metastatic TCC<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d735ff exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d735ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>The first line of treatment for metastatic bladder cancer remains combination chemotherapy containing cisplatin in patients who are suitable to receive cisplatin.<\/p>\n\n<p>For cisplatin-ineligible patients, anti PD1\/PDL1 immunotherapy is an alternative in patients with tumours that are positive for PD-L1 expression. The role of anti PD1\/PDL1 immunotherapy has also been defined in maintenance treatment after initial cisplatin-containing chemotherapy\u00a0and in patients who have progressed after cisplatin-based chemotherapy.<\/p>\n\n<p>On top of immunotherapy, additional promising progress in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer has been made in the form of targeted therapies. These treatments work by blocking specific proteins\/mutations found in cancer cells. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) inhibitor, Erdafitinib, has shown activity in patients who progressed after chemotherapy and have FGFR2 or FGFR3 mutations identified in the tumour. Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody that targets cell adhesion molecule nectin-4 commonly found on the cell surface of bladder cancers. The ideal sequence and combination of drugs for metastatic bladder cancer is actively being explored in clinical trials.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a324b exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36a324b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1e9d7 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a1e9d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>In a nutshell, TCC is the most common type of bladder cancer and is often associated with cigarette smoking. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is managed by local resection (TURBT). High-risk cases will benefit from a course of BCG administered into the bladder. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, management typically involves the administration of cisplatin-based chemotherapy prior to definitive surgery to remove the whole bladder.<\/p>\n\n<p>In a carefully selected group of patients, a bladder-preserving approach may be appropriate using a combination of TURBT, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy remains the cornerstone treatment for metastatic TCC. However, new drug discoveries in the form of immunotherapy and targeted therapy have greatly expanded the treatment armamentarium for this disease.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9618f61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9618f61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dae7fc ekit-has-divider-yes exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-page-list\" data-id=\"6dae7fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-page-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-items \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-22c3e2c ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/bladder-cancer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Bladder Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8499311 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/breast\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Breast Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-b546e99 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/cervical\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Cervical Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-40ee69d ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/colorectal\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Colorectal Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-c179a6f ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/kidney-cancer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Kidney Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a566a90 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/liver\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Liver Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d3a57e2 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/lung\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Lung Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8a1b12a ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/lymphoma\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Lymphoma Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-9271f7c ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/nasopharyngeal\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Nasopharyngeal Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-25cc299 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/ovarian\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Ovarian Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2562b26 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/prostate\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Prostate Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-36b5f66 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/stomach\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Stomach Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-7e28448 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/uterine\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Uterine Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8180\u80f1\u764c \u8180\u80f1\u764c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f \u8180\u80f1\u764c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u59cb\u4e8e\u8180\u80f1\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u3002\u8180\u80f1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0b\u8179\u90e8\u7684\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7684\u808c\u8089\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5b58\u5c3f 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