{"id":880,"date":"2024-01-09T11:39:35","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T03:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/?page_id=880"},"modified":"2024-08-28T15:57:49","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T07:57:49","slug":"breast","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/breast\/","title":{"rendered":"Breast Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"880\" class=\"elementor elementor-880\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47e5f53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"47e5f53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf5473d exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf5473d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Breast Cancer<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82b1314 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"82b1314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e395a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e395a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34869a6 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"34869a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TCC-Blog-breast-cancer-article-1024x611.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1365\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TCC-Blog-breast-cancer-article-1024x611.webp 1024w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TCC-Blog-breast-cancer-article-300x179.webp 300w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TCC-Blog-breast-cancer-article-768x458.webp 768w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/TCC-Blog-breast-cancer-article.webp 1465w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae237bc exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae237bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBreast cancer is the most common cancer in female Singaporeans. More than 25% of all cancers diagnosed in women are breast cancers. Fortunately, 71% of breast cancers found in Singaporean women are in stage 1 or 2, where the chance of cure remains high. The incidence rate for breast cancer in Singapore has risen almost three-fold from period 1976-1980 to 2011-2015, largely due to changes in lifestyle.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143d404 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"143d404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Breast Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd4310 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bd4310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Breast cancer refers to a group of diseases where <strong>changes in the DNA of cells in breast tissue lead to uncontrolled growth<\/strong>. Such uncontrolled growth usually forms lumps that are either palpable (can be felt) or visible on X-Ray.<\/p><p><em>Invasive breast cancers<\/em> usually start in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal carcinoma) or glands that form milk (lobular carcinoma). Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer that is a precursor to invasive cancer.<br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97fca5f exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97fca5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d14c73e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d14c73e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>Causes of Breast Cancer<\/h3><p>Breast cancers are caused by DNA changes that lead to uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue. Most of these DNA changes are\u00a0<strong>sporadic occurrences that cannot be predicted reliably<\/strong>. An inherited genetic predisposition may be found in less than 10% of all breast cancer cases.<\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ddb725 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ddb725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Factor.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1372\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Factor.webp 600w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Factor-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96292a2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96292a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>Risk factors of Breast Cancer<\/h3><p>Having certain risk factors increases your chances of developing breast cancers, but it does not mean you will get the disease.<\/p><ul><li><em>Modifiable risk factors (risks you may be able to act on):<\/em><ul><li>High body weight<\/li><li>Lack of exercise<\/li><li>Alcohol<\/li><li>Diet e.g. consuming excess processed food<\/li><li>No childbearing or delayed childbearing<\/li><li>No breastfeeding<\/li><li>Hormone replacement therapy<\/li><li>Oral contraceptives<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><em>Uncontrollable risk factors (risks you cannot act on):<\/em><ul><li>Age: More common after 40 years old<\/li><li>Female gender<\/li><li>Family history: having one first degree relative with breast cancer doubles the lifetime risk of breast cancer<\/li><li>Genetic predisposition: Having gene mutations such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB, CHEK, ATM, PTEN, TP53<\/li><li>Personal history of breast cancer<\/li><li>Previous abnormal breast biopsy: Women whose biopsies indicate atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, or lobular carcinoma in-situ should undergo regular breast screening<\/li><li>Early menarche (first menstruation) or late menopause<\/li><li>Radiation to chest e.g. during lymphoma treatment<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a38b1 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24a38b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What are the Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c590853 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c590853\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><ul><li>Breast lump (can be painless)<\/li><li>Swelling of lymph nodes in underarm<\/li><li>Bleeding or unusual discharge from the nipple<\/li><li>Dimpled or puckered skin over the breast<\/li><li>Persistent itch and rash around the nipple<\/li><li>Recent onset of pulled in or retracted nipple<\/li><li>Swollen and thickened skin over the breast<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e24871 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e24871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Symptom.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1368\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Symptom.webp 600w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Symptom-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d5e0cd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d5e0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Screen for Breast Cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16176ef exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16176ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><br \/>Breast cancer screening allows cancer detection before it causes symptoms (like a lump that can be felt).\u00a0Breast cancers found during\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/screening\/cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">screening exams<\/a>\u00a0are more likely to be smaller and at an earlier stage. The size of a breast cancer and extent of spread to neighbouring lymph nodes are some of the most important factors in predicting the\u00a0<strong>prognosis<\/strong>\u00a0(outlook) of a woman with this disease.<\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3181674 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3181674\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1373\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/shutterstock_601181372-2048x1367.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6da764 elementor-widget__width-initial exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c6da764\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>1. Mammogram<\/h3><ul><li>What is a mammogram?A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breast. It is used to detect and diagnose breast disease in women who either have breast problems, such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge, as well as for well women who have no breast complaints.<strong>The procedure allows detection of\u00a0cancerous tumours that cannot be felt by hand, or lumps in the breast that are not yet cancerous but may grow into cancerous tumours.<\/strong><\/li><li>What happens if your mammogram shows abnormal results?If a suspicious lump(s) is detected on a mammogram, an ultrasound of the breasts can be performed to supplement information from the mammogram to guide the next appropriate treatment step.<\/li><li>When should you go for a mammogram?Screening mammograms are recommended for healthy women aged 50 and above by major medical societies such as American College of Physicians and American Cancer Society. For healthy women aged between 40\u201349, the decision to perform a screening mammogram should be individualised.Women with known genetic mutations that increase their lifetime risk of developing breast and other cancers should have a discussion with a\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thebreastclinic.sg\/our-specialist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breast cancer specialist<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0regarding the starting of screening measures at an earlier age as well as the role of preventive surgery.<\/li><li>What is the radiation impact from a mammogram?<strong>The dose of radiation from a standard mammogram is very small and safe for healthy women.<\/strong>\u00a0It is estimated that one mammogram delivers the same amount of radiation from the background of a normal environment over two months.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e56611 elementor-widget__width-initial exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e56611\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Breast<\/h3><ul><li>MRI of the breast is a special screening procedure that takes images of the breast using strong magnetic fields and radio waves.<strong>It is occasionally used as a supplemental tool to mammograms, especially for women with dense breasts,<\/strong>\u00a0when there is an abnormality on the mammogram that cannot be conclusively determined as a cancerous lump.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42822f5 elementor-widget__width-initial exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42822f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>3. Breast self-examination<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/HZ-8YbAbl0k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regular self-examination<\/a>\u00a0is not a substitute for breast cancer screening with mammograms Regardless, women should be familiar with how their breasts normally look and feel and should report any changes to a health care provider right away.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399d96e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"399d96e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Breast Cancer Diagnosis: How do I confirm if I have breast cancer?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d07700e elementor-widget__width-initial exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d07700e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1370 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Biopsy-277x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"277\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Biopsy-277x300.webp 277w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Biopsy.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/><\/p><p>Most masses seen on mammograms are benign (not cancerous). <strong>When a cancer is suspected, a needle biopsy of the breast mass is required to obtain tissue for microscopic analysis.<\/strong>\u00a0Additional biopsy and placement of small marking clips inside the breast tissue (to locate the area of concern) may be required to confirm if enlarged\/suspicious lymph nodes under the arm have been affected by the cancer.<\/p><p>Upon confirmation of the breast cancer diagnosis, additional testing will be performed to understand the subtype, tumour grading, expression of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and HER2 protein. These factors will aid the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thebreastclinic.sg\/our-specialist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breast cancer specialist<\/a>\u00a0in creating a management plan for the patient.<\/p><p>Except for very small breast cancers, patients should undergo additional staging scans to determine the extent (or spread) of the cancer. Imaging that may be used include CT (computed tomography), bone scan, PET or MRI.<\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde8eb2 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bde8eb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Breast Cancer Treatment at The Cancer Centre, Singapore<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5e0f5a exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e5e0f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>How Is Breast Cancer Treated?<\/h3><p>At The Cancer Centre, treatment of breast cancers largely depend on the stage of the cancer, hormone receptors\/HER2 expression, the patient\u2019s wish and health comorbidities (presence of other existing disorders).<\/p><p>Breast Cancer Treatment Based on Cancer Stage:<\/p><ol><li>For\u00a0<strong>very small cancers<\/strong>\u00a0(typically less than 2\u20133cm) without suspicious lymph nodes involvement, upfront surgery is generally recommended.<\/li><li>For\u00a0<strong>stage 2 or 3 breast cancers<\/strong>, patients will be counselled on the role of neoadjuvant therapy (drug treatment prior to surgery). This is usually chemotherapy +\/- antiHER2 antibodies. This approach improves breast cancer survival and sometimes allows for breast-conserving surgery.<\/li><li>Patients with\u00a0<strong>distant spread of cancer (to other parts of the body)<\/strong>\u00a0found on staging scans are generally not recommended for breast surgery, unless in exceptional circumstances e.g. having open wounds from breast cancer.<\/li><\/ol><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40c0781 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40c0781\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Types of Breast Cancer Treatments<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc59c4 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc59c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>1. Surgery<\/h3><p>As\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/our-doctors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oncologists<\/a>, we work very closely with breast surgeons and plastic surgeons to achieve the optimal oncological and cosmetic outcomes for our patients. Here are the different types of surgeries for treating breast cancer:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Breast-conserving surgery<\/strong>: Only the part of the breast containing the cancer is removed.<\/li><li><strong>Mastectomy<\/strong>: Entire breast is removed.<\/li><li>Surgery to remove adjacent lymph nodes to assess for spread.<ul><li><strong>Sentinel lymph nodes biopsy (SLNB)\u2014<\/strong>For cases where no clinical involvement of lymph nodes in under arm is suspected. During surgery, a special mapping technique is used to identify the nearest lymph nodes that cancer drains into, that needs to be removed.<\/li><li><strong>Axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND)\u2014<\/strong>\u00a0Removal of many lymph nodes in the underarm. Typically for cases with proven underarm nodes at diagnosis from needle biopsy or those with extensive involvement of sentinel lymph nodes.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Breast reconstruction surgery\u2014<\/strong>This is an elective procedure that may be done during the treatment surgery or at a later stage using various methods including muscle flaps, fat or a prosthetic implant.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2745a32 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2745a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>2. Drug Therapy<\/h3><p><em>For early stage breast cancers:<\/em><\/p><p>Neoadjuvant (prior to surgery) or adjuvant (after surgery) drug treatment may be offered to reduce the risk of cancer relapse and improve the chance of cure.<\/p><p>Recent advancements has seen the use of genomic profiling, particularly in tumours without HER2 protein overexpression, to better select patients who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and to avoid using chemotherapy in patients with lower risks of recurrence.<\/p><p><em>For metastatic breast cancers:<\/em><\/p><p>Drug selection depends on hormone expression, HER2 protein overexpression and other newer molecular markers in order to optimise quality of life and survival.<\/p><h5>Types of Drug Therapies<\/h5><h6>a) Chemotherapy<\/h6><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/treatment\/chemotherapy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chemotherapy<\/a>\u00a0refers to anti-cancer drugs that work in various ways to kill cancer cells. . There are many chemotherapy drugs that are effective for breast cancer. Most of them are in intravenous (IV) formulations but there are oral formulations as well.<\/p><p>Depending on the breast cancer state, chemotherapy may sometimes be given together with surgery, or at other times given alone without surgery.<\/p><p>Chemotherapy is given in varying cycles (schedules), typically as an injection every 1\u20134 weeks. Occasionally, chemotherapy is given in a metronomic schedule (continuous dosing of low doses) to improve tolerance towards the medication.<\/p><p>The side effects of chemotherapy vary; not all drugs lead to hair loss, severe vomiting or major impairment in the immune system. Your oncologist will be able to manage and guide you through the chemotherapy side effects with supportive medications.<\/p><h6><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1369 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Hormonal-Therapy-276x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"276\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Hormonal-Therapy-276x300.webp 276w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Hormonal-Therapy.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/>b). Hormonal Therapy<\/h6><p>2 in 3 breast cancer patients have receptors that are stimulated by naturally occurring female hormones (estrogen and progesterone). For these women, hormonal therapy blocks the interaction between their female hormones and these receptors.<\/p><p><strong>Hormonal treatment can be used in the adjuvant setting (after surgery) for 5\u201310 years or for cases that have relapsed.<\/strong>\u00a0Aromatase inhibitors and Fulvestrant are approved to be used in a post-menopausal setting, whereas Tamoxifen can be used in both pre and post-menopausal settings. These drugs have slightly different side effect profiles and patients who are intolerant to one drug may switch out to another drug for better tolerance.<\/p><h6><a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/treatment\/targeted-therapy\/\" target=\" _blank\">c) Targeted Therapy<\/a><\/h6><p>Some breast cancer cells have dominant gene mutations driving the growth of the cancer. Discovery and understanding of these mutations have led to the development of drugs that specifically block these mutations:<\/p><ul><li><strong>HER2<\/strong>: 20% of breast cancers have increased expression of HER2 protein on the cell surface, driving cancer growth. Major progress in drug development in this field led to approval of many new effective drugs: monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The use of HER2 antibodies in early breast cancer has changed the outlook of an aggressive subtype of breast cancer into a disease with much higher cure rate.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>CDK4\/6 inhibitors<\/strong>: Blocking cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4\/6 in metastatic hormone positive breast cancers enhances the efficacy of hormonal therapy. This strategy is the new standard of care for the majority of newly diagnosed metastatic hormone positive breast cancer, with 42\u201346% prolongation of time to cancer progression. These effective drugs are available in oral form, greatly improving our patients\u2019 quality of life.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>PI3K<\/strong>: 30\u201340% of metastatic hormone positive breast cancers have mutation in PI3KCA protein. Blocking PI3KCA protein in patients who have failed prior\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/treatment\/hormonal-therapy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hormonal treatment<\/a>\u00a0can significantly slow down cancer cell growth.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>BRCA<\/strong>:\u00a0<strong>Approximately 5% of all breast cancers are due to inherited BRCA gene mutations<\/strong>. BRCA gene mutations lead to defective processes of normal DNA repair of gene damage. When poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are given to patients with BRCA positive breast cancer patients, cancer cells that already have trouble repairing DNA damage become totally unable to repair DNA damage via alternative PARP mechanism, leading to cancer cell death.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><b>mTOR<\/b>: Alteration in mTOR signalling pathway in metastatic hormone positive breast cancers lead to uncontrolled cancer cells growth. This pathway can be blocked in combination with hormonal therapy for patients who have failed prior hormonal therapy.<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d735ff exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d735ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1371 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Radiotherapy-281x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Radiotherapy-281x300.webp 281w, https:\/\/tcc.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Breast-Cancer-Radiotherapy.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 281px) 100vw, 281px\" \/><\/p><p><\/p><h3>3. Radiotherapy<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/treatment\/radiation-therapy\/\">Radiotherapy<\/a>\u00a0is\u00a0<strong>treatment with high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.<\/strong><\/p><p>Adjuvant radiotherapy to reduce risk of local recurrence is recommended for women with:<\/p><ul><li>Breast-conserving surgery<\/li><li>Tumour &gt;5cm (even post total mastectomy)<\/li><li>Spread to lymph nodes<\/li><\/ul><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a1e9d7 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a1e9d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p><h3>Conclusion<\/h3><p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Singaporean females. However, breast cancer screening helps detect the cancer at an earlier stage and saves lives. There have also been major advancements in breast cancer treatment with a better selection of tools, more targeted drugs for improved efficacy and reduced side effects, more modern surgical and radiotherapy techniques and better supportive care.<\/p><p>Visit The Cancer Centre in Singapore for breast cancer screening and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treatment options<\/a>.<br \/><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a3637 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a3637\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sources:<\/p><ol><li>National Registry of Diseases Office (NRDO), June 2017,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nrdo.gov.sg\/docs\/librariesprovider3\/Publications-Cancer\/cancer-registry-annual-report-2015_web.pdf?sfvrsn=10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Singapore Cancer Registry Annual Registry Report 2015<\/a>, Retrieved on 13 May 2020<\/li><li>American Cancer Society,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/breast-cancer\/screening-tests-and-early-detection\/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Cancer Society Recommendations for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer<\/a>, Retrieved on 13 May 2020<\/li><\/ol><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9618f61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9618f61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e05bdce ekit-has-divider-yes exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-page-list\" data-id=\"e05bdce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-page-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-items \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-22c3e2c ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/bladder-cancer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Bladder Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8499311 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/breast\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Breast Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-b546e99 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/cervical\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Cervical Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-40ee69d ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/colorectal\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Colorectal Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-c179a6f ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/kidney-cancer\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Kidney Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-a566a90 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/liver\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Liver Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-d3a57e2 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/lung\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Lung Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-8a1b12a ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/lymphoma\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Lymphoma Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-9271f7c ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/nasopharyngeal\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Nasopharyngeal Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-25cc299 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/ovarian\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Ovarian Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-2562b26 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/prostate\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Prostate Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-36b5f66 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/stomach\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Stomach Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-list-item   \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-repeater-item-7e28448 ekit_badge_left\" href=\"https:\/\/tcc.sg\/zh\/services\/cancers-we-treat\/uterine\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit_page_list_content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8c137 0 248 111 248 248S393 504 256 504 8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8zm113.9 231L234.4 103.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L285.1 256 183.5 357.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L369.9 273c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"ekit_page_list_title_title\">Uterine Cancer<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u2014\u2014\u7b5b\u67e5\u548c\u6cbb\u7597 \u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761,\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u662f\u5973\u6027\u6700\u5e38\u60a3\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u3002 \u5728\u6240\u6709\u8bca\u65ad\u51fa\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u5973\u6027\u4e2d,\u8d85\u8fc725%\u662f\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u3002\u4ece2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1365,"parent":437,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-880","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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