Understanding Genetic Cancers and BRCA Testing in Singapore

The Role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour suppressor genes that help repair DNA damage. Mutations in these genes can significantly increase cancer risk:

• Breast Cancer: Women with BRCA1/2 mutations have a 49–57% lifetime risk, compared to 12% in the general population.
• Ovarian Cancer: The risk rises to 18–40%, versus about 1% in those without the mutation. These mutations may also raise the risk for pancreatic and prostate cancers.

Who Should Consider BRCA Genetic Testing?

BRCA genetic testing is especially recommended for individuals with: Multiple family members diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer, particularly before age 50

• Male relatives with breast cancer
• Relatives with bilateral breast cancer or both breast and ovarian cancers
• Known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in the family

Preventive Measures and Management

For individuals who test BRCA-positive, several strategies can reduce cancer risk:

• Enhanced Surveillance: Regular screenings like mammograms and MRIs, beginning at a younger age
• Preventive procedures such as bilateral prophylactic mastectomies and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomies (removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes) can dramatically lower cancer risk

However, it is essential to note that these decisions are best made in consultation with a specialist and tailored to the individual’s risk profile and personal circumstances.

Conclusion

Understanding hereditary cancer risks – especially BRCA-related mutations – is a vital step in proactive health planning. With established, trusted services like NCCS and others, Singaporeans can access the tools and support needed to make informed decisions and protect their long-term well-being.

Sources
HealthXchange.sg – Genetic Testing: Who Should Get It?
Mount Elizabeth Hospital – BRCA Genetic Testing
National Cancer Centre Singapore – Cancer Genetics Service
TIME – The Angelina Effect